Forgotten Wars - The Seleucid War (192 BC) DOCUMENTARY

What is discussed, and when

1. 0:00 – 5:00: Antiocus III, Punic Wars, Salucid War, Greece
2. 5:00 – 10:00: Macedon, Asia Minor, Sparta, Greece
3. 10:00 – 15:00: Thrace, Greece, Antiocus III, Cleopatra I
4. 15:00 – 20:00: Sparta, Macedon, Greece, Demetrius
5. 20:00 – 21:58: Greece, Sparta, Thrace, Calcus

Notable quotes from "Forgotten Wars - The Seleucid War (192 BC) DOCUMENTARY"

• The Western Mediterranean, a vast empire yet loomed to the east. Helmed by a great king, Antiocus III, who had campaigned from the hterlands of Thrace to the rivers of India.…

  about Antiocus III · at 0:14

• The Roman Saluced War often goes forgotten as a conflict which falls through the historical gaps of far more well-known events such as the prior Punic Wars and the ensuing Roman civil.

  about Punic Wars · at 3:24

• Control. It would thus be as a claimed liberator that the Romans waged war upon Macedon in 200 BC and Sparta in 195 BC.

  about Macedon · at 6:06

• Yet the grand empire of Antiochus had vast resources with which to out attrition its southern rival. A feebler Egypt was in no state to fight Antiocus in a prolonged war.

  about Tameic Egypt · at 7:20

• First and foremost was political turmoil in Carthage. Hannibal, the great general and once favored savior of his people, had been forced to flee into exile by his own city. Not by any Roman threats or coercion. No, instead he had.

  about Hannibal Barka · at 9:47

• Antiocus' reaction was quick and defensive. He withdrew his forces immediately from Thrace into Anatolia and finalized the marriage of his daughter named Cleopatra I to the ruler.

  about Thrace · at 13:33

• Tried to take their chances at testing the patience of Rome. The first was Sparta, who had used the Roman war with Macedon as an excuse to play both sides, seizing control of Argos along the way.

  about Sparta · at 15:16

• Stay tuned for our next episode as we continue the exploration of the unfolding and exploding of the Saluced Wars. For now, you can join us on Patreon or YouTube memberships to catch.

  about Salucid War · at 21:21

Who and what is mentioned in this episode?

People

• Antiocus III — Person · Core topic · 3 mentions · first at 0:20
  Antiocus III was a central figure in the Salucid War, leading the Salucid Empire against Rome.
• Hannibal Barka — Person · Referenced historical figure · 1 mention · first at 1:03
  Hannibal Barka's involvement with the Salucid Empire added tension to Roman-Salucid relations.
• Galba — Person · Referenced historical figure · 1 mention · first at 13:15
  Galba played a role in the diplomatic tensions between Rome and the Salucid Empire.
  But finally, in true Roman fashion, a senator named Galba broke in with an ultimatum. The king must seed Thrace or else. Munipus, who again had come to these talks with the best possible.
• Cleopatra I — Person · Referenced historical figure · 1 mention · first at 13:40
  Cleopatra I's marriage was a strategic alliance in the geopolitical dynamics discussed.
  Defensive. He withdrew his forces immediately from Thrace into Anatolia and finalized the marriage of his daughter named Cleopatra I to the ruler of Egypt.
• Italians — Person · Referenced group · 1 mention · first at 16:45
  The Italians were involved in the geopolitical dynamics and conflicts in Greece.
  Roman allies and with the spectacular failures at Calcus painted the Itolians as treacherous and greedy. The Itolians though considered it to be a relative success. After all…
• Tommy IV — Person · Referenced historical figure · 1 mention · first at 7:38
  Tommy IV's death led to a power vacuum in Egypt, affecting regional dynamics.
  Such an opportunity arose in 204 BC when Tommy IV died and was succeeded by his 5-year-old son, Tommy V. The boy had no chance to think before attacks started piling up onto…
• Tommy V — Person · Referenced historical figure · 1 mention · first at 7:43
  Tommy V's reign as a child pharaoh was marked by external pressures and alliances.
  Such an opportunity arose in 204 BC when Tommy IV died and was succeeded by his 5-year-old son, Tommy V. The boy had no chance to think before attacks started piling up onto…

Companies & orgs

• Aian League — Company · Referenced organization · 1 mention · first at 15:28
  The Aian League was involved in the conflicts and alliances in Greece.
  But ultimately the doom of the city was already sealed. When King Navis surrendered, Sparta was stripped of virtually all its territory and reduced to a subservient member of…
• Flexis Spot — Company · Referenced product · 1 mention · first at 3:12
  Flexis Spot was mentioned in a personal anecdote unrelated to the main historical discussion.
  Coming loose, fasteners missing, things like that. And the experience was just not great. So, I've been on the market for quite a bit now, looking for a bed that was good…

Places & events

• Salucid War — Event · Core topic · 1 mention · first at 1:09
  The Salucid War was the primary focus of the episode, detailing the conflict between Rome and the Salucid Empire.
• Greece — Place · Core topic · 9 mentions · first at 0:40
  Greece was a significant battleground for the Roman and Salucid Empires.
  Therefore to undermine the confidence in Greece's Italian overlords. Even though the instability was purely caused by them, it was nonetheless instability which was in their…
• Macedon — Place · Referenced location · 6 mentions · first at 6:11
  Macedon was a key player in the regional power dynamics and conflicts discussed.
• Punic Wars — Event · Referenced event · 2 mentions · first at 0:07
  The Punic Wars were a precursor to the conflicts discussed in the episode.
• Sparta — Place · Referenced location · 8 mentions · first at 6:11
  Sparta was involved in conflicts with Rome and other Greek states.
• Thrace — Place · Referenced location · 7 mentions · first at 0:22
  Thrace was a region of strategic interest for Antiocus III and Rome.
• Asia Minor — Place · Referenced location · 2 mentions · first at 5:48
  Asia Minor was a strategic region in the Salucid-Roman conflicts.
  Story today would be those which occupied the sweeping expanse of the Hollenic world. Much of the coast of Asia Minor and the Aian was composed of independent Greek citystates.…
• Tameic Egypt — Place · Referenced location · 1 mention · first at 5:08
  Tameic Egypt was involved in the regional power dynamics with the Salucid Empire.
• Demetrius — Place · Referenced location · 2 mentions · first at 19:05
  Demetrius was a strategic city involved in the conflicts discussed.
  First, the Ittoians bought and used an exiled politician to gain access to Demetrius, which quickly declared its loyalty to the Ittolians. The attack on Calus, though, was bumbled by the person.
• Calcus — Place · Referenced location · 2 mentions · first at 19:07
  Calcus was a strategic city involved in the conflicts discussed.
  Exiled politician to gain access to Demetrius, which quickly declared its loyalty to the Ittolians. The attack on Calus, though, was bumbled by the person in charge. He…
• Corinth — Place · Referenced location · 1 mention · first at 19:07
  Corinth was a key city in the geopolitical dynamics of Greece.
  These included the cities of Demetrius, Corinth, and Calcus, which were the most strategically wellplaced, and the power that controlled them could easily exert control over the entire peninsula.

Full transcript with timestamps

0:02 The 2nd century B.C. was one of the most explosive eras in the rise of the Roman Empire. While victory in the Punic Wars of the preceding 3rd century may have seen Rome dispatch its greatest rival in the Western Mediterranean, a vast empire yet loomed to the east. Helmed by a great king, Antiocus III, who had campaigned from the hterlands of Thrace to the rivers of India. It stood as the final trimber of Alexander the Great's wars of succession. Now each rival faced off in an uneasy showdown as the gods of war sewed the seeds of a brewing conflict.

0:40 Between them lay the land of the Greeks, which would prove to be the bloody wrestling match for these two superpowers. The clashes to come would be some of the most incredible yet forgotten battles of antiquity. They include a repeat of the legendary fight at Thermopoly, a massive 100,000man brawl in the plains of Magnesia, and an epic sea battle featuring none other than Hannibal Barka, nightmare of Rome at the helm of a Greek fleet. This is the story of the Saluced War.

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3:02 lot of more expensive frames out there. So, if you're like me and want something that's easy to assemble, quieter, sturdier, looks great, and doesn't break the bank, then this is the bed for you. So, click the link below to experience a Flexis Spot bed frame for yourself. Don't miss out and use our exclusive code Invicta for an instant discount. So, act now to transform your sleep with comfort, convenience, and unmatched value. The Roman Saluced War often goes forgotten as a conflict which falls through the historical gaps of far more well-known events such as the prior Punic Wars and the ensuing Roman civil wars. Perhaps adding further to its low profile is the nature of its unfolding having less to do with grand bombastic invasions and more to do with slow burning multi-party geopolit.

3:47 Yet, it is these very characteristics which at least to me make it so fascinating. With this disclaimer in mind, let us now set the stage for this most intriguing of plays. At the beginning of the 2nd century BC, the Mediterranean world experienced an odd period of stillness. In the west, a nent empire had bloomed. The young but powerful Republic of Rome. She had just emerged bloodied, exhausted, but ultimately victorious from a grand wrestling match with the former superpower of the West, Carthage. With the Second Punic War over, the North African threat now bowed to her Italian overlords.

4:26 In the east, meanwhile, the greatest of the successor states had brought its power to bear. In an echo of Alexander, a king had emerged who now too was honored as the great while he still lived. His name was Antiocus III, ruler of the lands from the Levant to the borders of India. He was a brilliant politician, a cunning general, and a geopolitical mastermind. With an iron fist and silken tongue, Antiochus had taken on the herculean challenge of reassembling the vast fractured empire of his forebears. Over the course of his reign, the great king had put down rebellion, marshaled wavering subjects, and delicately balanced a web of alliances. He had campaigned all the way to the Indis River and returned resting away control of Syria from Tameic Egypt and conquering Partha in the process. Piece by piece, the lands of Alexander the Great were reassembled.

5:18 Finally, after years of toil, it arose from the ashes of the successor wars as a phoenix by the name of the Saluced Empire. Between these two great states of the east and west would be a number of lesser states whose fates would weave an entangling thread between their neighbors. Of most relevance to our story today would be those which occupied the sweeping expanse of the Hollenic world. Much of the coast of Asia Minor and the Aian was composed of independent Greek citystates. Each was extremely loud and proud of this supposed freedom. Though in reality each city's existence often relied on external guarantors. This weakness was one which the Romans eagerly exploited as a means of further expanding their control. It would thus be as a claimed liberator that the Romans waged war upon Macedon in 200 BC and Sparta in 195 BC.

6:15 Yet each intervention in the name of freedom seemed to only further weaken the powers of the helenic world. The Roman peace treaty with Macedon in 196 BC was one such example. Macedon, which was once seen as the shield against the barbarian tribes of Dacia, was now humbled and allowed an army of no more than 5,000 men and six ships for the task. Antiocas was much less concerned about the general affairs of mainland Greece. At least for now, he busied himself with establishing control over Asia Minor, pressing ancestral claims to Thrace, and taking full advantage of the dwindling power of Telmic Egypt. Thus far, Antious had taken control of his rivals northernmost holdings, but had been unable to press his advantage. For now, the sword thrust into his rivals core had been deflected at the Battle of Rafia in 217 BC. It was here that a massive confrontation with over 150,000 combatants and hundreds of war

7:12 elephants saw the army of the Salucid turned back with heavy losses from Egypt proper. Yet the grand empire of Antiochus had vast resources with which to out attrition its southern rival. A feebler Egypt was in no state to fight Antiocus in a prolonged war. The next blow was therefore inevitable, but its timing would be carefully chosen by a prudent Antiocus. Such an opportunity arose in 204 BC when Tommy IV died and was succeeded by his 5-year-old son, Tommy V. The boy had no chance to think before attacks started piling up onto Egyptian borders. It was equally unhelpful that his successive regents were incredibly incompetent. So it came to be that Egypt was desperately attempting to court the attentions of both Rome and the Salucids, tacitly acknowledging the superior of both while attempting to secure its own borders.

8:06 Antiochus could have used this moment to lead an army of overwhelming strength to finally crush the Tammies. However, he calculated that such a maneuver would be time and resource inensive. Thus, ever the pragmatic ruler, he instead entered diplomatic negotiations which ultimately culminated in a marriage between his daughter and the young pharaoh. In this way, his hostile foe was made his subservient friend.

8:37 Rome, meanwhile, was in a particularly delicate position in 196 BC. While much of the western Mediterranean bowed to Rome's imperium, most of those states had also been in open conflict with Rome within living memory. Carthage, for instance, now a puppet, had won several victories against the empire that would have crippled any other. Macedon chafed at the terms of their recently imposed treaty and were ignoring many of its provisions. Yria Italia Sparta Akia Syracuse and the various tribes of Gaul and Spain were in a constant state of uprising.

9:10 Even within Italy, there was unrest. Not all cities had been loyal to Rome when Hannibal came knocking, and the Samites were an everpresent domestic dissident. Neither Rome nor Antiochus were interested in a war. Both sides acknowledged the strength of the other, and both were respectful of the boundaries of power that were set. Antiochus even sent an embassy to Rome in 195 BC to make a declaration of friendship. Unfortunately, unforeseen events would soon conspire to turn this olive branch into a seed for war.

9:47 First and foremost was political turmoil in Carthage. Hannibal, the great general and once favored savior of his people, had been forced to flee into exile by his own city. Not by any Roman threats or coercion. No, instead he had attempted to play the politician. But after a certain amount of time, his luster dimmed. The Carthaginians were interested in peace now, not his bellose rhetoric and nature. Unfortunately for him, his exile was a dangerous thing. The entire region of the Mediterranean around him was surrounded by loyalists to Rome and those seeking its favor, and any one of them might take his head.

10:23 Egypt would offer no protection, and the so-called independent states of Greece would betray him as soon as it was in their individual best interest. There was only one place where he might find shelter from Rome's long reach. One place that might even listen to the council of a general on Rome's most wanted list, the court of Antiochus the Great. However, at the very same time that Rome's boogeyman departed for the east, Salucan ambassadors set off for the West. Thus, as these emissaries crossed paths, unwittingly rehearsing their speeches for an anticipated meeting before the Senate, Rome had already been set ablaze with a frenzy of rumors regarding Hannibal's latest move. Should they interpret it as a sign of inevitable hostility, an insult? How much influence would Hannibal have over the decisions of the Salucid? Was it a coincidence that this had all happened just as Rome was removing her troops

11:14 from Greece? Was Antiocha's continued war in Thrace just a front to allow him to attack Greece more easily? How large were the ambitions of this great king? Really? This atmosphere of panicked distrust apparently confused the Saluca emissaries as they arrived before the Senate. As Levy describes, quote, Minipus and Hegenics were the leaders of the embassy and the former was the spokesman. He professed himself at a loss to understand what difficulty or complications its missions could create, as he had simply come to ask that friendly relations might be established and an alliance formed.

11:49 After apparently returning to his pre-rehearsed speech, the envoy went on to explain that there were three kinds of treaties one might rightfully consider in this moment. One between victor and vanquished, one between evenly matched enemies, and one between respectful non-combatants. He elaborated, quote, "This third class of treaties comprises those made by states which have never been enemies and who unite in forming a league of friendship. No conditions are either imposed or accepted, for these only exist between victors and vanquished." It was this latter kind of league that Antiocus was seeking and that he, the speaker, was surprised that the Romans should think it just and fair to impose conditions upon the king as to which of the cities in Asia they decided should be free and autonomous and which should pay tribute.

12:32 and in the case of some forbidding the king to garrison them. These were terms on which to make peace with Philip their enemy, not a treaty of alliance with Antiocus, who was their friend. Yet an agitated Senate dug in its heels. They demanded a firm partition between Roman Europe and Slug Asia. Even knowing that Antiochus was currently in this very time in the third year of a campaign to press his ancestral claims to the lands of Thrace, very much on the European continent. Rome's demand was an impossible one for the emissaries to accept either way. Rome had never made such a bold, presumptive, far-reaching line in the sand with anyone before, completely surprising the king's ambassadors.

13:13 But finally, in true Roman fashion, a senator named Galba broke in with an ultimatum. The king must seed Thrace or else. Munipus, who again had come to these talks with the best possible intentions and with no authority to deal with such ultimatums, was forced to abandon the talks and head home empty-handed. Antiocus' reaction was quick and defensive. He withdrew his forces immediately from Thrace into Anatolia and finalized the marriage of his daughter named Cleopatra I to the ruler of Egypt.

13:50 Rome, following diplomatic tradition, sent its own embassy as a follow-up. The embassy was headed by three former consoles, some of the most distinguished men of Rome, who were not particularly friendly towards the Slukids. One of them was the very same Galba, who had laid an ultimatum at the feet of Manipus. It's good to note here that neither the Senate nor Antiochus was actually looking for war. It would benefit neither of them and it was in the best interest of both to have a positive and stable diplomatic relationship with each other. Unfortunately for the great powers, peace was not in the best interest of the various small citystates between them.

14:28 Those of Anatolia saw Rome as an excellent foil to Antiocis. If they were allied with Rome, then they would have an edge when negotiating with their saluced overlords. In mainland Greece, meanwhile, the citystates were similarly at work scheming on how to leverage matters to their advantage. One should remember that the only thing that the Greeks hated more than other Greeks was any power that tried to establish some sort of order amid their chaotic existence. It didn't help then that each one was just as fiercely proud of its own independence as the next.

14:59 Essentially, it was similar to a horde of young children in the backseat of a car on a 12-hour drive. The bickering was petty, complex, and predictably ridiculous. As Rome began slowly withdrawing its troops that had been left over from the war with Macedon, the Greek citystates tried to take their chances at testing the patience of Rome. The first was Sparta, who had used the Roman war with Macedon as an excuse to play both sides, seizing control of Argos along the way. The Aayan League complained to Rome about Sparta after the war, and Rome sided against Sparta. The Aans, after all, had been on Rome's side since the beginning, while Sparta had only flipped to the Roman side after seizing the strategically crucial city of Argos.

15:41 Rome showed little mercy for such duplicity. Thus, together with the other Greek powers, they waged the Laconian war against the Spartans. In 195 BC, this conflict saw the Allies initially test the Spartan garrison, which held Argos, before simply bypassing it to invade Laconia by land and sea. These two Pinsir forces converge on the fortified port of Githium, seizing it and raiding the surrounding lands before turning to the capital itself. Here, the Spartans held out behind the newly constructed walls of their city. While they managed to hold out for several days, Rome and her allies eventually breached the walls and stormed the city.

16:19 As legions advanced down the streets, the defenders desperately set fire to their own buildings. This bought them a moment's resppite against the attack, but ultimately the doom of the city was already sealed. When King Navis surrendered, Sparta was stripped of virtually all its territory and reduced to a subservient member of the Aan League. But as always occurs in Greece, peace rarely lasts. Soon it was the Itlians who entered the picture. During the war with Macedon, which had only been a year or two before this, they had been staunch allies to Rome to help to beat down Macedon. Yet now, they were petionately displeased with how things had turned out.

16:58 Apparently, Rome had been relatively benevolent towards Macedon since the treaty was signed and wanted blood. Not only that, but they realized that besides the independence they had gained, they had really not made many more strides forward since the Roman victory. And so, of course, they started scheming for additional ways to gain an advantage over their neighbors. First, they demanded far harsher terms towards Macedon, which they knew Rome would dismiss out of hand. Then, they started sending emissaries to Antiochus, complaining about Roman overreach and requesting his arbitration. Antiocus mostly ignored them, of course, but the gesture had been made. By doing this, the Itlians had suggested that the Romans were not fit to maintain their grip on Greece and an outsider needed to step in.

17:53 The Itlians knew exactly how provocative this was and that Rome could not necessarily respond militarily without insulting and provoking the Salucid. So Rome tried to take the diplomatic route. Flinius, the administrator of Greek affairs, tried to claim that as an ally of Rome, Itolia was obligated to bring its objections to the Senate first. That was simply not the case, and it just added fuel to the fire. Apparently, being an ally of Rome was now the same thing as being her subject. Merely, this suggestion infuriated the Ittolians, who promptly began taking their frustrations not on powerful Rome, but on nearby Sparta. Sparta, who had just recently been crushed by Rome, was hardressed to defend itself and appealed to Rome as their overlord for aid. Unable to secure the swift victory they had expected against the Spartans, though, the Itlians now recalled their troops before any serious Roman intervention could

18:45 occur. But not to be daunted, they now began planning something far more ominous. That plot took place as a mass uprising against Roman dominance over all of Greece. After signing a peace treaty with Sparta, Itia planned a three-pronged assault, attacking the cities known as the Feders of Greece. These included the cities of Demetrius, Corinth, and Calcus, which were the most strategically wellplaced, and the power that controlled them could easily exert control over the entire peninsula. For now, Corinth was firmly within Aayan territory, but the other two were controlled by Macedon and by proxy Rome.

19:24 So Ilia planned to attack both Demetrius and Calcus. A third target was added which was Sparta with whom Italia had only just signed a treaty of peace. Nonetheless, the plans moved forward. First, the Ittoians bought and used an exiled politician to gain access to Demetrius, which quickly declared its loyalty to the Ittolians. The attack on Calus, though, was bumbled by the person in charge. He insisted on an overly complex plot that was inevitably leaked to the rulers of the city. In response, the rulers of Khalkis simply locked the gates on the attempted infiltration, leaving the Itlians to ring their hands from outside. The plot on Sparta, though, was perhaps the one which went the most sideways. The Itlians succeeded at first in storming the city itself, assassinating the king and looting the palace. So far so good.

20:12 However, this short-term victory turned out to be a disaster. The Spartans rallied around the young son of the former king and slaughtered the Itlians to the man. This also proved an excellent propaganda victory for the Roman allies and with the spectacular failures at Calcus painted the Itolians as treacherous and greedy. The Itolians though considered it to be a relative success. After all, their top goal was to undermine the stability of Greece and therefore to undermine the confidence in Greece's Italian overlords. Even though the instability was purely caused by them, it was nonetheless instability which was in their favor. In this plot, they had strategically made their friendship known towards the Salucids and as an independent state, they could make the claim now that any move against them was merely an attempt by Rome to quell Greek freedom in general. In doing so, Itolia had brought the landscape to

21:04 the brink of war. And most troublingly of all, Antiochus had now indicated his tacit approval of these events by resuming his campaigns in European Thrace. The powder keg was primed to blow and Itlia was playing with matches. Stay tuned for our next episode as we continue the exploration of the unfolding and exploding of the Saluced Wars. For now, you can join us on Patreon or YouTube memberships to catch script previews and download our art. A big thanks to the current supporters and a shout out to the researchers, writers, and artists for making this episode possible. We couldn't have done it without this team and this community. If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to like and subscribe for more content and check out these other related videos.

21:47 See you in the next one.

Questions about this episode

What is discussed in "Forgotten Wars - The Seleucid War (192 BC) DOCUMENTARY"?

In order: 0:00 Antiocus III, Punic Wars, Salucid War, Greece; 5:00 Macedon, Asia Minor, Sparta, Greece; 10:00 Thrace, Greece, Antiocus III, Cleopatra I; 15:00 Sparta, Macedon, Greece, Demetrius; 20:00 Greece, Sparta, Thrace, Calcus.

What is mentioned in this Invicta episode?

20 people, works and ideas are mentioned, including Salucid War, Antiocus III, Greece, Macedon, Punic Wars, Hannibal Barka. Each one on this page links to its own page with every episode that mentions it.

How long is "Forgotten Wars - The Seleucid War (192 BC) DOCUMENTARY"?

The episode runs 22 min; the transcript is about 3,753 words in 32 timestamped sections.

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